{"id":1312,"date":"2025-12-18T15:57:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T12:57:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ozgurgulun.com\/?p=1312"},"modified":"2026-02-08T22:39:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T19:39:49","slug":"buyuk-sfenks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ozgurgulun.com\/en\/buyuk-sfenks\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Sfenks"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ho\u015f geldiniz dostlar! Bug\u00fcn sizi Gize Platosu\u2019nun o me\u015fhur sessizli\u011finin i\u00e7ine, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u0131rr\u0131n, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sfenks\u2019in hik\u00e2yesine davet ediyorum. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duran bu devasa an\u0131t, sadece ta\u015f ve kayadan ibaret de\u011fil; o, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici yolculuklar\u0131ndan birinin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u015fey yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Eski Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde, 4. Hanedan firavunu Kefren (Khafre) d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131. Kefren, babas\u0131 Keops\u2019un piramidinin yan\u0131na kendi piramidini in\u015fa ettirirken, platonun giri\u015fine bu muazzam koruyucuyu dikmeye karar verdi. Sfenks, asl\u0131nda Gize\u2019nin yerel kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131ndan tek bir blok halinde oyulmu\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek ta\u015f heykelidir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 73,5 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 20 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bu dev, bir aslan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ile bir firavunun zekas\u0131n\u0131 tek bir g\u00f6vdede birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Ancak her ihti\u015faml\u0131 d\u00f6nem gibi, Sfenks\u2019in de sessizli\u011fe g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamanlar oldu. Eski Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte bak\u0131ms\u0131z kalan an\u0131t, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u00e7\u00f6l kumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan neredeyse tamamen yutuldu. Ta ki M\u00d6 1400 civar\u0131nda, gen\u00e7 bir prens olan IV. Thutmose avlan\u0131rken Sfenks\u2019in g\u00f6lgesinde uyuyakalana kadar. Efsaneye g\u00f6re Sfenks r\u00fcyas\u0131nda prense f\u0131s\u0131ldad\u0131: “E\u011fer \u00fczerimdeki kumlar\u0131 temizlersen, seni M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131m”. Thutmose bu s\u00f6z\u00fc tuttu, Sfenks\u2019i kumlar\u0131n hapsinden kurtard\u0131 ve bu an\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na o me\u015fhur “R\u00fcya Steli”ni dikti.<\/p>\n

R\u00fcya Steli, Sfenks\u2019in o devasa \u00f6n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda, g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn dibinde dimdik duran bu an\u0131t, yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,5 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 15 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devasa bir granit bloktur. Sfenks\u2019in o me\u015fhur bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda yer alan bu stel, asl\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.400 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine, yani M\u00d6 1400 civar\u0131na dayanan bir tarihin sessiz anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Thutmose tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra Sfenks’i kumlardan kurtararak restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r ve bu mucizevi olay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in saltanat\u0131n\u0131n birinci y\u0131l\u0131nda bu an\u0131t\u0131 diktirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fin uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren ve belki de en \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 yan\u0131 ise \u015fudur; bu devasa stel asl\u0131nda Thutmose i\u00e7in s\u0131f\u0131rdan kesilmemi\u015f! Detayl\u0131 incelemeler, bu granit blo\u011fun asl\u0131nda Kefren\u2019in piramit kompleksinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Eski Krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemine ait devasa bir kap\u0131 lentosu (\u00fcst e\u015fi\u011fi) oldu\u011funu ve Thutmose taraf\u0131ndan yeniden i\u015flenerek bir an\u0131ta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn hala Sfenks’in koruyucu pen\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda, ziyaret\u00e7ilerini o kadim r\u00fcyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7eken bu stel, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici “me\u015fruiyet” hikayelerinden birini f\u0131s\u0131ldamaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e Sfenks bir\u00e7ok badire atlatt\u0131. Burnuna ne mi oldu? Pop\u00fcler bir \u015fehir efsanesi Napolyon\u2019un ordusunu su\u00e7lasa da, 1737 tarihli \u00e7izimler onun Napolyon gelmeden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce burnunu kaybetti\u011fini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Tarih\u00e7i Makr\u00eez\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 1378 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerel halk\u0131n heykele adak sunmas\u0131na k\u0131zan bir dervi\u015f taraf\u0131ndan kasten k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanla o asil sakal\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, par\u00e7alar\u0131 1817\u2019deki kaz\u0131larda bulunarak m\u00fczelere ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duran bu devin y\u00fcz\u00fcne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, eksik olan sadece burnu de\u011fil; bir zamanlar ona tam bir tanr\u0131-kral g\u00f6rkemi veren aksesuarlar\u0131 da tarih i\u00e7inde yolunu kaybetmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Sfenks’in tepesine baksayd\u0131n\u0131z, tam tepesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.75 metre derinli\u011finde, bir insan\u0131n i\u00e7ine rahat\u00e7a s\u0131\u011fabilece\u011fi bir delik g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u0130\u015fte bu gizemli bo\u015fluk, Sfenks\u2019in bir zamanlar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 o muazzam tac\u0131 sabitlemek i\u00e7in oradayd\u0131. Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bir\u00e7ok tasvirde, Sfenks\u2019in nemes ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde heybetli bir ta\u00e7la boy g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz; ancak bu ta\u00e7, t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer par\u00e7alar gibi zaman\u0131n ve insanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesiyle yok olup gitmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Gelelim o me\u015fhur sakala… 1817 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Giovanni Battista Caviglia, Sfenks\u2019in \u00f6n ayaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kumlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecanla kazarken, bu asil sakal\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funda kim bilir neler hissetmi\u015ftir? Bu sakal, antik M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 o \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ucu k\u0131vr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f “ilahi sakal” formundayd\u0131. \u0130\u015fin en etkileyici yan\u0131 ise, sakal par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde firavunu, Sfenks\u2019e bir kolye sunarken g\u00f6steren o zarif kabartmalard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu sakal\u0131n sonradan eklendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnse de yap\u0131lan jeolojik incelemeler sakal\u0131n ta\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Sfenks\u2019in ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131yla ayn\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 tabakas\u0131ndan oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Yani bu sakal, 4.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce piramitler in\u015fa edilirken Sfenks\u2019in ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yontulmu\u015ftu. Sakal\u0131n o devasa a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir ta\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 bile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Maalesef bug\u00fcn bu tarihi hazinenin par\u00e7alar\u0131 tek bir yerde de\u011fil. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Londra\u2019daki British Museum\u2019da, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131 ise Kahire M\u00fczesi\u2019nde, Sfenks\u2019in o kadim ve eksik hik\u00e2yesini tamamlamak i\u00e7in ziyaret\u00e7ilerini bekliyor. Sfenks ise pen\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda R\u00fcya Steli ile vakur duru\u015funu bozmadan, bize her sabah do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fle birlikte bu eksik par\u00e7alar\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde durdu\u011fumuz bu gri ve vakur devin, asl\u0131nda bir zamanlar nas\u0131l g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve canl\u0131 renklere sahip oldu\u011funu hayal etmenizi istiyorum. Sfenks, binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ilk yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00e7ok daha renkli ve g\u00f6steri\u015fli bir an\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Arkeologlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 titiz incelemeler, heykelin \u00fczerinde mavi, sar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 pigment izlerini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Hatta milattan sonra 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda buray\u0131 ziyaret eden Romal\u0131 yazar Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinius, “Canavar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya boyanm\u0131\u015f” diyerek o zamanki canl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc bizlere tarif etmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bile Sfenks’in yanaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda ve v\u00fccudunun \u00e7e\u015fitli noktalar\u0131nda o kadim k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boyan\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemindeki (18. Hanedan) b\u00fcy\u00fck yenileme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sfenks’e adeta yeniden can verilmi\u015fti. Tahminlere g\u00f6re bu d\u00f6nemde devasa y\u00fcz k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya boyanm\u0131\u015f, firavunun zekas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden o me\u015fhur *nemes ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise mavi ve sar\u0131 bantlarla bezenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Nemes Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k, antik M\u0131s\u0131r firavunlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tak\u0131lan geleneksel kuma\u015f bir \u00f6rt\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sfenks’in aln\u0131ndan itibaren yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,70 metre y\u00fckselen bu yap\u0131, devasa kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle oyulmu\u015ftur. \u00dczerindeki o karakteristik \u00e7izgiler, bir geni\u015f band\u0131n yan\u0131nda iki ince band\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir pileli dokuyu temsil eder. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yanlara do\u011fru flama gibi a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, dikey \u00fc\u00e7gen d\u00fczlemler olu\u015fturarak firavuna o sars\u0131lmaz heybeti verir. Yan paneller enseden i\u00e7eri do\u011fru zarif bir kavis yapar ve bak\u0131\u015flara bir derinlik katar. Omuzlara ve g\u00f6\u011fse do\u011fru sarkan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ise “lappet” (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kulak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131) diyoruz; bunlar firavunun g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde asil bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturur. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde, kuma\u015f\u0131n ensede geleneksel bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. En b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici k\u0131sm\u0131 ise renkleridir; bu ba\u015fl\u0131k bir zamanlar mavi ve sar\u0131 \u015feritlerle boyanm\u0131\u015f, adeta g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ve g\u00fcne\u015fin ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nemes, firavunun zekas\u0131n\u0131 bir aslan\u0131n kudretiyle birle\u015ftiren o e\u015fsiz kraliyet kimli\u011finin en g\u00f6rkemli par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn simgesi olan o \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f sakal\u0131 ve asil ka\u015flar\u0131 ise muhtemelen derin bir mavi renkle parl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Sadece heykelin kendisi de de\u011fil; pen\u00e7eleri aras\u0131ndaki o gizemli \u015fapelin duvarlar\u0131, yerdeki d\u00f6\u015femeler ve hatta \u015fapeldeki aslan heykelleri bile bir zamanlar o asil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 tonuyla boyanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sfenks, her sabah do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fi bu canl\u0131 renkleriyle selamlayarak, \u00e7\u00f6lde adeta parlayan ilahi bir fig\u00fcr gibi y\u00fckseliyordu.<\/p>\n

Modern zamanlarda ise Napolyon\u2019un 1798 seferiyle d\u00fcnya yeniden Sfenks\u2019e hayran kald\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Caviglia, Mariette ve Maspero gibi isimler kumlar\u0131 temizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da Sfenks’in tamamen g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ancak 1930’larda Emile Baraize ve Selim Hassan’\u0131n azimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n

Gize’nin bu kadim n\u00f6bet\u00e7isinin ayaklar\u0131 dibinde dururken, f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman r\u00fczgardan daha g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funu fark edersiniz. Sfenks\u2019in alt\u0131nda gizli bir yeralt\u0131 \u015fehri oldu\u011fu fikri, as\u0131rlard\u0131r gezginlerin ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n hayallerini s\u00fcsleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck gizemlerden biridir. Yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130talyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan radar taramalar\u0131nda, an\u0131t\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 ve 1.200 metre derinliklerinde spiral bir \u015faftla ba\u011flanan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck kare yap\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi duyurulmu\u015ftur. Bu iddialar\u0131 savunanlar, bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n Giza Platosu\u2019nun alt\u0131nda geni\u015f bir yeralt\u0131 kompleksine, hatta efsanevi “Kay\u0131tlar Salonu”na i\u015faret edebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedirler. \u00d6te yandan, Sfenks’in en yak\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan olan Zahi Hawass, an\u0131t\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve alt\u0131nda bizzat inceledikleri \u00fc\u00e7 ana t\u00fcnelin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcnellerden biri ba\u015f\u0131n arkas\u0131nda 6 metre, di\u011feri kuyruk k\u0131sm\u0131nda 12 metre derinli\u011fe inerken, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise heykelin kuzey taraf\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak Hawass, bu ge\u00e7itlerin dev bir \u015fehre a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine firavunlar d\u00f6neminde, muhtemelen 26. Hanedan s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yap\u0131lar oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. 1970’lerin sonunda SRI International taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan teknik taramalarda da benzer “anomaliler” bulunmu\u015f; fakat yap\u0131lan sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bu bo\u015fluklar\u0131n asl\u0131nda do\u011fal kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Arkeologlar, Sfenks\u2019ten \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce b\u00f6ylesine devasa bir yeralt\u0131 \u015fehri kurabilecek geli\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131\u011fa dair hi\u00e7bir yerle\u015fim izi veya altyap\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131, bu teorinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel olarak g\u00f6rmektedirler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak dostlar, Sfenks’in alt\u0131nda gizemli dehlizler oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir; ancak devasa bir “yeralt\u0131 \u015fehri” hikayesi, \u015fimdilik bilimsel kan\u0131tlardan ziyade mitolojik bir efsane olarak kumlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki sessizli\u011fini korumaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn hala baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, Sfenks\u2019in su erozyonuna u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek tarihini \u00e7ok daha eskilere, 10.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da genel kabul onun piramitlerle ya\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011fudur. Sfenks, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r her sabah do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fi selamlayarak, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n gizemini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya f\u0131s\u0131ldamaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n