{"id":1104,"date":"2025-12-01T17:29:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ozgurgulun.com\/?p=1104"},"modified":"2026-02-20T21:29:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T18:29:14","slug":"anitkabir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ozgurgulun.com\/en\/anitkabir\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u0131tkabir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ho\u015f geldiniz de\u011ferli misafirler; bug\u00fcn sizleri Cumhuriyetimizin kalbine, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ve en anlaml\u0131 noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan Rasattepe\u2019ye, yani An\u0131tkabir\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fim. Buras\u0131 sadece ta\u015ftan ve mermerden ibaret bir yap\u0131 de\u011fil, bir milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n ve kurucusuna duydu\u011fu sonsuz sayg\u0131n\u0131n en somut ni\u015fanesidir.<\/p>\n

Hikayemiz, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 10 Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019de ebediyete intikal etmesiyle ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak Etnografya M\u00fczesi\u2019nde muhafaza edilmesine karar verilirken, bir yandan da ona lay\u0131k bir an\u0131t mezar i\u00e7in yer aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015flar. \u00c7ankaya ve Ankara Kalesi gibi alternatifler aras\u0131ndan, o zamanki ad\u0131yla Rasattepe olan bu hakim tepe se\u00e7ilir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc buras\u0131 \u015fehrin her yerinden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek merkezi bir konumdad\u0131r. 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 tasar\u0131m yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan projeler ya\u011far; hatta Mussolini \u0130talyas\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci siyasi bir propaganda ve ekonomik f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rerek mimarlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan takip eder.<\/p>\n

Mussolini \u0130talyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu projeye g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yo\u011fun ilginin arkas\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda tek bir sebep de\u011fil; siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir “f\u0131rsatlar zinciri” yat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Gelin, bu ilginin perde arkas\u0131ndaki temel nedenlere birlikte bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

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  • Ekonomik ve Ticari Beklentiler: \u0130talyan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu devasa yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 kendi ekonomisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihracat kap\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle \u0130talyan mermerlerinin, in\u015faat malzemelerinin ve uzman i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bu projede kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ad\u0131na T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131 nezdinde yo\u011fun lobi faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler. Hatta d\u00f6nemin \u0130talyan bakanlar\u0131ndan Giuseppe Bottai, bu durumu “do\u011fmakta olan Ankara \u015fehrine \u0130talyan mallar\u0131n\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fcfuz ettirmek” olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/li>\n
  • Siyasi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Propaganda: Fa\u015fist rejim i\u00e7in An\u0131tkabir yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, modern \u0130talyan mimarisinin “\u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc” d\u00fcnyaya kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz bir sahneydi. \u0130talyan mimarlar\u0131n bu uluslararas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fmada derece almas\u0131, Mussolini\u2019nin “yeni Roma” vizyonunu ve an\u0131tsal mimari anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hem i\u00e7 hem de d\u0131\u015f kamuoyuna bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olarak sunmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n
  • Diplomatik Strateji ve Sava\u015f Ko\u015fullar\u0131: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerinde, \u0130talya bu yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tarafs\u0131z bir politika izleyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Mihver Devletleri\u2019nin yan\u0131na \u00e7ekmek veya en az\u0131ndan \u0130talyan n\u00fcfuzunu Ankara\u2019da hissettirmek i\u00e7in diplomatik bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yar\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci, \u0130talyan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ankara\u2019daki el\u00e7ilikleri taraf\u0131ndan “\u00e7ok acil” kodlu raporlarla en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde takip edildi.<\/li>\n
  • K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hegemonya Kurma Arzusu: \u0130talya, bu an\u0131t mezar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir hegemonya kurmay\u0131 ve kendi mimari \u00fcslubunu “evrensel bir dil” olarak kabul ettirmeyi hedefliyordu. Bu y\u00fczden, Arnaldo Foschini gibi rejimle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi olan mimarlar\u0131n projelerine en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde siyasi destek verdiler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    K\u0131sacas\u0131 de\u011ferli misafirler, o d\u00f6nemde Mussolini i\u00e7in An\u0131tkabir, sadece bir liderin ebedi istirahatg\u00e2h\u0131 de\u011fil; \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n sanat\u0131n\u0131, ticaretini ve siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Anadolu\u2019nun kalbine m\u00fch\u00fcrlemek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmayacak bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ancak sonunda, yerli mimarlar\u0131m\u0131z Emin Onat ve Orhan Arda\u2019n\u0131n projesi, baz\u0131 tadilatlarla birlikte uygulanmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

    An\u0131tkabir\u2019in o devasa s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n ve mermerlerinin ard\u0131nda tam dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcren, d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 perdeden olu\u015fan muazzam bir in\u015faat hikayesi yatar. Gelin, 1944\u2019ten 1953\u2019e uzanan bu sab\u0131r dolu s\u00fcreci a\u015fama a\u015fama birlikte inceleyelim.<\/p>\n

    Hikayemizin birinci a\u015famas\u0131, 9 Ekim 1944\u2019te o tarihi ilk kazman\u0131n vurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar; 1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren bu d\u00f6nemde temel toprak kaz\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Aslanl\u0131 Yol\u2019un o sa\u011flam duru\u015funu sa\u011flayan istinat duvar\u0131 in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci a\u015famaya geldi\u011fimizde, 1945 ile 1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hummal\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bizi kar\u015f\u0131lar. Bu be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te mozole binas\u0131 ve t\u00f6ren meydan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen yap\u0131lar y\u00fckselir; ancak zemin yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle mozolenin temelinde baz\u0131 zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sars\u0131nt\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 11 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde \u00f6zel bir beton temel sistemi kurulmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli teknik revizyonlar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015fama, yap\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k karakterini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Bu safhada mozoleye \u00e7\u0131kan yollar, Aslanl\u0131 Yol ve t\u00f6ren meydan\u0131 \u015fekillenir; mozolenin \u00fcst kat ta\u015f kaplamalar\u0131 bitirilir, o g\u00f6rkemli merdivenler ve sembolik lahit ta\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilirken bir yandan da elektrik, tesisat ve \u0131s\u0131tma sistemleri yap\u0131ya dahil edilir.<\/p>\n

    Nihayet 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1953\u2019te tamamlanan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son a\u015famada ise art\u0131k ince i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7ilir. \u015eeref Hol\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn o b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici yer d\u00f6\u015femeleri, yan taraflardaki tonozlar, ta\u015f profiller ve o zarif sa\u00e7ak s\u00fcslemeleri nak\u0131\u015f gibi i\u015flenerek bu an\u0131tsal eser bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ihti\u015faml\u0131 haline kavu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

    Gelin \u015fimdi An\u0131tkabir\u2019in kap\u0131s\u0131ndan birlikte girelim. Sizi ilk kar\u015f\u0131layan o ihti\u015faml\u0131 Aslanl\u0131 Yol olacak. Bu 262 metre uzunlu\u011fundaki yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken, ayaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015flar\u0131n aras\u0131na bilerek 5 santimetrelik bo\u015fluklar b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neden mi? Ziyaret\u00e7iler yere bakarak, ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sayg\u0131yla e\u011ferek Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn huzuruna \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131nlar diye. Yolun iki yan\u0131ndaki 24 aslan heykeli, 24 O\u011fuz boyunu simgeler; aslanlar\u0131n oturur pozisyonda olmas\u0131 ise g\u00fcc\u00fcn yan\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n

    Yolun sonunda kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00f6ren Meydan\u0131, 15 bin ki\u015fiyi a\u011f\u0131rlayacak kadar geni\u015ftir ve zeminindeki renkli travertenler t\u0131pk\u0131 bir Anadolu kilimi gibi nak\u0131\u015f nak\u0131\u015f i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Mimariye dikkatle bakarsan\u0131z, II. Ulusal Mimarl\u0131k Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n o an\u0131tsal ve sade tarz\u0131n\u0131 hissedersiniz. Yap\u0131da kullan\u0131lan ta\u015flar rastgele se\u00e7ilmemi\u015ftir; Anadolu\u2019nun her k\u00f6\u015fesinden getirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin d\u0131\u015f cephedeki o s\u0131cak sar\u0131 tonlar\u0131, Safranbolu yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Eskipazar\u2019\u0131n me\u015fhur travertenlerinden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

    An\u0131tkabir\u2019in ruhu olan \u015eeref Hol\u00fc\u2019ne girdi\u011finizde ise devasa bir s\u00fctun dizisi ve tavanlardaki Sel\u00e7uklu-Osmanl\u0131 motifli alt\u0131n yald\u0131zl\u0131 mozaikler sizi b\u00fcy\u00fcleyecek. Tam kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda duran 40 tonluk yekpare mermer lahit semboliktir. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, bu ta\u015f\u0131n tam alt\u0131nda, alt kattaki sekizgen planl\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 mimarisiyle in\u015fa edilmi\u015f \u00f6zel bir mezar odas\u0131nda, vatan\u0131n her bir ilinden getirilen topraklar\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda huzur i\u00e7inde uyumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    An\u0131tkabir\u2019in o vakur havas\u0131n\u0131 solumaya devam ederken, \u015fimdi de Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131yla dolu olan Atat\u00fcrk ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019ne do\u011fru ilerleyelim. Buras\u0131, bir liderin sadece askeri ve siyasi dehas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ki\u015fisel zevklerini, entelekt\u00fcel derinli\u011fini ve bir milletin k\u00fcllerinden do\u011fu\u015f hikayesini f\u0131s\u0131ldayan bir hazine odas\u0131 gibidir.<\/p>\n

    An\u0131tkabir\u2019in o kendine has ihti\u015fam\u0131 belirlenirken, tasar\u0131m\u0131n hangi yap\u0131lara benzetildi\u011fi veya nelerden ilham al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu, tarihin tozlu sayfalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Hen\u00fcz proje a\u015famas\u0131ndayken, bu ulu yap\u0131n\u0131n sadece Atat\u00fcrk i\u00e7in bir mozole mi olaca\u011f\u0131, yoksa t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir “Pantheon” mu olaca\u011f\u0131 sorusu zihinleri epey me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir. \u0130n\u015fa edilen mevcut proje hakk\u0131nda o d\u00f6nem yap\u0131lan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc benzetmelerden biri, b\u00fcy\u00fck ustam\u0131z Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n eserlerine olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; hatta d\u00f6nemin bas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Rasattepe\u2019de “Sinanvari” bir abide y\u00fckseltece\u011fine dair b\u00fcy\u00fck bir inan\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bununla birlikte, mozolenin o ma\u011frur s\u00fctunlar\u0131 ve an\u0131tsal duru\u015fu, baz\u0131 g\u00f6zlemciler taraf\u0131ndan Atina Akropol\u00fc\u2019ne de benzetilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yar\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemindeki di\u011fer iddial\u0131 tasar\u0131mlara g\u00f6z att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise daha farkl\u0131 benzerlikler kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00f6d\u00fcl alan Alman mimar Johannes Kr\u00fcger\u2019in projesi, o d\u00f6nem Alman milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin simgelerinden biri olan ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f kalelerini and\u0131ran Tannenberg An\u0131t\u0131\u2019na (Tannenberg Memorial) olduk\u00e7a benzetilmi\u015f; hatta bu tasar\u0131mda Rumeli Hisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n esintileri de bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130talyan Arnaldo Foschini\u2019nin projesi ise do\u011frudan Antik Roma\u2019n\u0131n o g\u00f6rkemli zafer taklar\u0131n\u0131 ve an\u0131tsal mimari dilini referans al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak An\u0131tkabir; Hitit, Antik Yunan, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 gibi bu topraklardan gelip ge\u00e7mi\u015f pek \u00e7ok medeniyetin mimari ruhundan izler ta\u015f\u0131yan, ancak hepsini modern bir potada eriterek \u00f6zg\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f e\u015fsiz bir eserdir.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fcze d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor ve her ad\u0131mda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyorsunuz:<\/p>\n

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    • Ki\u015fisel E\u015fyalar ve Giysiler: M\u00fczenin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel e\u015fyalar\u0131 sizi kar\u015f\u0131lar. Burada onun zarif zevkini yans\u0131tan sivil k\u0131yafetlerini, vakur duru\u015funun simgesi olan askeri \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 ve gard\u0131robundan se\u00e7kin \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca kendisine yabanc\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sunulan k\u0131ymetli hediyeler ile manevi evlatlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan \u00f6zel e\u015fyalar da bu koleksiyonun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Madalyalar ve Ni\u015fanlar: Onun cephelerdeki kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve devlet adam\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ni\u015fanesi olan madalyalar\u0131 ve dekorasyonlar\u0131 da bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde gururla sergilenmektedir.<\/li>\n
    • Entelekt\u00fcel Miras: Kitaplar: Belki de m\u00fczenin en etkileyici noktalar\u0131ndan biri, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn okudu\u011fu 3 bin 123 adet kitab\u0131n sergilendi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Bu kitaplar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar, onun fikir d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fini bize bizzat kendi kalemiyle anlat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Milli M\u00fccadele Panoramalar\u0131: M\u00fczenin galerilerinde \u00c7anakkale, Sakarya ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz gibi tarihimizin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan devasa panoramalar ve galeriler yer al\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ayr\u0131ca Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nemine ait tarihi belgeler ve foto\u011fraflar, o g\u00fcnlerin ruhunu iliklerinize kadar hissettirir.<\/li>\n
    • Tarihi Ara\u00e7lar: M\u00fcze kompleksinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 1936-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1936 model Cadillac Series 80 marka otomobilini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019ndan al\u0131p Sarayburnu\u2019na ta\u015f\u0131yan o h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc top arabas\u0131 da Zafer Kulesi i\u00e7inde sizleri beklemektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu m\u00fcze, sadece nesnelerin sergilendi\u011fi bir yer de\u011fil; Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma masas\u0131ndan cephedeki haritas\u0131na, el yaz\u0131s\u0131 notlar\u0131ndan giydi\u011fi son cekete kadar her ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla onunla yeniden bulu\u015ftu\u011fumuz manevi bir durakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u015eimdi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p bu devasa meydan\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen o vakur kulelere bir bak\u0131n. An\u0131tkabir\u2019de simetrik bir d\u00fczende yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f tam on adet kule bulunur. Bu kulelerin her biri, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa ruh veren birer idealin, birer temel ta\u015f\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

      Mimari bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde hepsi kareye yak\u0131n dikd\u00f6rtgen planl\u0131, \u00fczerleri piramit \u00e7at\u0131larla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ve en tepelerinde geleneksel T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran bronz m\u0131zrak u\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130\u00e7lerine girdi\u011finizde tavanlarda geleneksel T\u00fcrk kilim desenlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ve duvarlarda o kulenin ismine uygun, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn veciz s\u00f6zleri sizi selamlar.<\/p>\n

      Gelin, bu on kuleden \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sekizinin hikayesine birlikte bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0130stiklal (Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k) Kulesi:<\/strong> Aslanl\u0131 Yol\u2019un giri\u015findeki bu kulede, elinde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 tutan bir gen\u00e7 ve yan\u0131ndaki kaya \u00fczerine t\u00fcnemi\u015f bir kartal kabartmas\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. Kartal g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gen\u00e7 adam ise istiklalini korumaya yeminli T\u00fcrk milletini simgeler.<\/li>\n
      • H\u00fcrriyet (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck) Kulesi:<\/strong> Hemen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bu kulede ise \u015faha kalkm\u0131\u015f bir at ve elinde “H\u00fcrriyet Beyannamesi” tutan bir melek fig\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. At \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, melek ise \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/li>\n
      • Mehmet\u00e7ik Kulesi:<\/strong> Aslanl\u0131 Yol\u2019un sonunda sizi kar\u015f\u0131layan bu kule, cepheye giden kahraman Mehmet\u00e7ik ile onu gururla u\u011furlayan annesini betimleyen bir kabartmaya sahiptir. T\u00fcrk milletinin fedakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ni\u015fanesidir.<\/li>\n
      • Zafer Kulesi:<\/strong> Duvarlar\u0131nda milletin en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferlerinin tarihleri kaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde ise Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan o tarihi top arabas\u0131 sergilenir.<\/li>\n
      • Bar\u0131\u015f Kulesi:<\/strong> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn “Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh” ilkesini ya\u015fat\u0131r. Kabartmas\u0131nda, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 uzatarak k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri koruyan bir asker fig\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r; bu, T\u00fcrk ordusunun bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc teminat\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • 23 Nisan Kulesi:<\/strong> Meclisimizin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 simgeler; kabartmas\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n\u0131n elindeki anahtar, meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n 1936 model Cadillac otomobili de burada sizi bekler.<\/li>\n
      • Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee Kulesi:<\/strong> M\u00fcze giri\u015finde yer alan bu kulede, bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kabzas\u0131 \u00fczerinde birle\u015fen d\u00f6rt el g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu, vatan\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in edilen o b\u00fcy\u00fck “Milli Yemin”i ve sars\u0131lmaz birli\u011fi simgeler.<\/li>\n
      • \u0130nk\u0131lap (Devrimler) Kulesi:<\/strong> M\u00fczenin devam\u0131 olan bu kulede, s\u00f6nmekte olan bir me\u015fale Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, parlayan yeni bir me\u015fale ise Cumhuriyet\u2019in devrimlerle y\u00fckseli\u015fini f\u0131s\u0131ldar. Burada Ata\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel k\u0131yafetleri sergilenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Bu on kule, sadece ta\u015f yap\u0131lar de\u011fil, her biri Cumhuriyet\u2019in hangi de\u011ferler \u00fczerine y\u00fckseldi\u011fini bizlere her an hat\u0131rlatan sessiz ama \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tan\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \u015eimdi rotam\u0131z\u0131 An\u0131tkabir\u2019in \u00c7ankaya kap\u0131s\u0131 giri\u015fine \u00e7evirelim; orada g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne uzanan o vakur bayrak dire\u011finin ard\u0131nda, k\u0131talararas\u0131 bir vefa ve vatan hasreti hikayesi sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Bu 33 metre 53 santimetre uzunlu\u011fundaki direk, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Nazmi Cemal isimli bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hediye edilmi\u015ftir. Nazmi Cemal, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e duydu\u011fu derin sevgi ve sayg\u0131yla, kendi imalathanesinde usta m\u00fchendislerine bu dire\u011fi \u00f6zel bir surette yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vatan\u0131na bir hizmet borcu olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu hediyeyi, hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden, t\u00fcm nakliye ve sigorta masraflar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat \u00fcstlenerek okyanus \u00f6tesinden g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Hatta o d\u00f6nem yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygulu mektuplar\u0131nda, bu sancak dire\u011finin teknik \u00f6zellikleriyle Avrupa\u2019da dahi bir e\u015finin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Ata\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki ulu \u015f\u00f6hretine lay\u0131k bir tarzda imal edildi\u011fini gururla anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak aradan ge\u00e7en uzun y\u0131llar ve Ankara\u2019n\u0131n sert r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 dire\u011fi yormu\u015f; ODT\u00dc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporla dire\u011fin meteorolojik nedenlerle y\u0131prand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu k\u0131ymetli hat\u0131ray\u0131 ya\u015fatmak ad\u0131na, orijinal direk 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bir t\u00f6renle, asl\u0131na uygun olarak haz\u0131rlanan yenisiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        An\u0131tkabir\u2019in o geni\u015f T\u00f6ren Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vakur atmosferini solurken, \u015fimdi bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 mozolenin biraz uza\u011f\u0131na, bu tarihi kompleksin anlaml\u0131 bir di\u011fer noktas\u0131na \u00e7evirelim. Burada, Cumhuriyetimizin ikinci Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn en yak\u0131n silah arkada\u015f\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ebedi istirahatg\u00e2h\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu\u011funda, bu an\u0131tsal yap\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabri, An\u0131tkabir\u2019in ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir ve ziyaret\u00e7ilerin sayg\u0131yla u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duraklardan biridir.<\/p>\n

        Aran\u0131zda belki merak edenler vard\u0131r; bir d\u00f6nem An\u0131tkabir\u2019de Cemal G\u00fcrsel ve 1960-1963 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda defnedilen baz\u0131 di\u011fer isimlerin de naa\u015flar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Ancak 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir d\u00fczenleme ile bu naa\u015flar ba\u015fka yerlere nakledilirken, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kabri bu manevi b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak burada kalmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin ve Cumhuriyet\u2019in iki b\u00fcy\u00fck ismi, Rasattepe\u2019nin bu e\u015fsiz manzaras\u0131nda sonsuza dek yan yana huzur i\u00e7inde uyumaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

        Bu an\u0131t kompleks, 1944\u2019te at\u0131lan temellerden 1953\u2019teki tamamlan\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar tam dokuz y\u0131lda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evresindeki 25 \u00fclkeden gelen fidanlarla ye\u015feren Bar\u0131\u015f Park\u0131 ise Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn “Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh” ilkesinin ya\u015fayan bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Buras\u0131 her ta\u015f\u0131yla, her kulesiyle bizlere T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f hikayesini ve ideallerini f\u0131s\u0131ldar.<\/p>\n

        [ays_quiz id=’29’]<\/p>\n